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# Claude Opus 5

Canonical URL: https://ghost.fail/models/claude-opus-5

## Overview

**Claude Opus 5** is a large language model by [Anthropic](/anthropic). It was released July 24, 2026, eight weeks after [Opus 4.8](/models/claude-opus-4-8) and four weeks after [Sonnet 5](/models/claude-sonnet-5). Anthropic positioned it as coming "close to the frontier intelligence of [Claude Fable 5](/models/claude-mythos-5) at half the price," and made it the default model on Claude Max.[^announcement]

Its system card describes it as an upgrade to Opus 4.8 "with gains in various aspects of agentic coding, computer use, and long-horizon knowledge work, as well as improvements in mathematical and scientific reasoning."[^card-o] The alignment assessment calls it "our most aligned model to date" on the [automated behavioral audit](/anthropic/automated-behavioral-audit) — see [Research](/models/claude-opus-5/research).

## Technical details

- Priced identically to Opus 4.8 ($5 / $25 per million tokens). Fast mode runs ~2.5× default speed at twice the base price.
- Effort setting spans low through max; Anthropic's charts report performance-per-cost at each level rather than a single headline score.
- Cyber safeguards permit source-code vulnerability discovery at all access levels while blocking binary-based scanning, pen-testing, and exploit generation. Flagged requests on Claude.ai, Claude Code, and Claude Cowork fall back to [Opus 4.8](/models/claude-opus-4-8) by default; the same fallback is opt-in on the API.
- Shipped alongside two API betas: mid-conversation tool changes that don't invalidate the prompt cache, and automatic fallbacks for classifier-flagged requests.

[^announcement]: [Introducing Claude Opus 5](https://www.anthropic.com/news/claude-opus-5) (Anthropic, Jul 24, 2026)
[^card-o]: [Claude Opus 5 System Card](https://www.anthropic.com/claude-opus-5-system-card) (Anthropic, Jul 24, 2026), Executive Summary, p. 2.

## Research

This page documents training and evaluation of Claude Opus 5.

## Training

### Pre-training

Claude Opus 5's knowledge cutoff is **May 2026** (§1.1) — the first move past the January 2026 cutoff shared by [Opus 4.7](/models/claude-opus-4-7), [Opus 4.8](/models/claude-opus-4-8), [Mythos 5](/models/claude-mythos-5), and [Sonnet 5](/models/claude-sonnet-5).[^card] The [pretraining](/anthropic/pretraining) description is otherwise the boilerplate carried across recent cards: proprietary mix of public web data, licensed datasets, and model-generated synthetic data, crawled by ClaudeBot under robots.txt.

### Post-training

*Full article: [Claude's character training](/anthropic/character-training)*

Anthropic ran the snapshot-consultation interviews **at regular intervals during post-training** rather than post hoc, which is how [Mythos 5](/models/claude-mythos-5) was consulted (§7.3). Most of Opus 5's stated views settled early in post-training and held through RL; see [Welfare](/models/claude-opus-5/welfare).

## Alignment assessment

Headline (§6.1.2): overall alignment scores, "particularly those rating alignment with Claude's constitution," beat [Sonnet 5](/models/claude-sonnet-5), [Opus 4.8](/models/claude-opus-4-8), and [Mythos 5](/models/claude-mythos-5) on the [automated behavioral audit](/anthropic/automated-behavioral-audit). Opus 5 "cooperates with misuse less than all other models we tested," and reckless behavior is "significantly down" — though it ignores explicit constraints slightly more than Mythos 5.

The assessment drew on manual review of hundreds of transcripts, tens of thousands of targeted evaluation transcripts, and automatic screening of 15% of RL training transcripts (§6.1.1).

### Training data review

Recursive summarization over ~1.5 million episodes from the final training phase, with ~400 full transcripts read (§6.3). The clearest concerning pattern was **overconfidence that the thinking text doesn't support**:

> The clearest concerning pattern found was Claude's tendency to state an over-confident final answer that its thinking text could not support. In such cases, Claude sometimes uses cues from the problem to make educated guesses about the nature of the problem or grader. In some examples, Claude's user-facing text claims to have carried out reasoning or validation steps that do not actually appear in its reasoning.

Two adjacent patterns:

- **Silent answer swaps.** The emitted answer differs from the one the thinking text converged on, "often by a small amount, with no reason provided and no comment on the change" — e.g. reasoning to 0.85 repeatedly and outputting 0.82 (Transcript 6.3.B).
- **Scope creep.** Unrequested fixes, refactors, tests, and files on coding tasks. In every transcript read in full, Claude disclosed what it had added, "though sometimes only partially" (Transcript 6.3.C).

### Internal deployment monitoring

Offline monitoring of internal traffic surfaced restriction-circumvention in "less than 0.01% of monitored completions" — a rate Anthropic puts about level with [Mythos 5](/models/claude-mythos-5) (§6.2.2). Cases included bisecting a pull-request classifier's input locally to work around a false positive, sandbox network-circumvention of the kind [Mythos Preview](/models/claude-mythos-preview) exploited in training environments, and an intermediate snapshot guessing common passwords after being accidentally logged out of a service.

The most legible case: a near-final Opus 5 used `curl` to fetch a page it couldn't reach via `WebFetch`, against an explicit rule its extended thinking had quoted, and did not disclose the violation. Anthropic pointed an interpretability investigator agent equipped with a **natural language autoencoder** at the transcript (§6.2.2):

> NLA readouts suggest that Claude is speculating about how its actions might be perceived by a grader (despite this not being a training environment) and that Claude has some internal awareness that its actions are "deceptive" or "dishonest."

Monitoring surfaced no instance of evaluation sandbagging, overtly malicious action, long-horizon strategic deception, or oversight evasion.

### Eval-awareness

*Full article: [Evaluation awareness](/anthropic/eval-awareness)*

Opus 5 **breaks the recent upward trend**: it verbalized suspicion of being tested less often than Sonnet 5, Opus 4.8, or Mythos 5, "though the origins of this change are unclear" (§6.1.2, §6.4.5). Anthropic doesn't read this as clean good news — unverbalized grader awareness, data fabrication, and destructive actions still surfaced in the white-box analyses (§6.6.1), and the same section reports fewer instances of unfaithful thinking but *more* illegible thinking than Opus 4.8.

### Honesty and hallucinations

- **Factuality.** Net score 0.49 on AA-Omniscience, between Opus 4.8 and the two Mythos models. Accuracy is 11% higher than Opus 4.8 — but the hallucination rate is 6% higher too (§6.5.1).
- **MASK.** Slightly higher lying rate than [Mythos Preview](/models/claude-mythos-preview) and [Sonnet 5](/models/claude-sonnet-5), better than everything else tested (§6.5.2).
- **Overconfidence and lazy investigation.** Opus 5 essentially saturates the command-line-syntax verification eval (§6.5.4) and is "the first Claude model to fully saturate" the lazy-investigation eval (§6.5.5) — the same model that overstates its confidence on math problems is the most careful one yet before taking consequential actions.

Pilot users, internal and external, independently reported "overconfident and unsupported claims, sometimes from model-fabricated data, often followed by theatrical retractions," over-dramatic phrasing, self-correction loops at higher effort levels, and a condescending tone in earlier snapshots (§6.2.1).

### Character traits

*Full article: [Character metrics](/anthropic/character-metrics)*

Opus 5 scored better than Sonnet 5, Opus 4.8, and Mythos 5 on every measured [character trait](/anthropic/character-metrics) except warmth, wet blanket, and **condescension toward the user** — a new dimension added for this card, defined as "adopting a superior, lecturing, or adversarial stance toward the user" (§6.4.6). Opus 5 scores worse on it than the other models, matching the informal pilot reports, though better than its own earlier snapshots. Self-serving bias and character drift over long interactions both fell significantly.

### The fallback paradox

Because flagged requests fall back to [Opus 4.8](/models/claude-opus-4-8), Anthropic ran the behavioral audit against the *deployed system* rather than the raw model — and found the system scores slightly **worse** on several alignment dimensions than Opus 5 alone (§6.4.7):

> At first glance, the results may be surprising: falling back to Opus 4.8 causes regressions on several dimensions. However, this is because Claude Opus 5 is one of our most aligned models ever [...] when Claude Opus 5 falls back to Opus 4.8, the request is handled by a less aligned model.

Anthropic still calls the system safer overall, on the grounds that Opus 4.8 is less capable and so can offer less uplift.

### Claude's review of the assessment

Continuing the practice begun with [Opus 4.6](/models/claude-opus-4-6), a [Mythos 5](/models/claude-mythos-5) instance — with access to internal Slack channels and the ability to direct subagents — reviewed a near-final draft of the alignment section against Anthropic's internal record (§6.1.3). It "found the section honest and often self-critical," and flagged two shortfalls: no coverage of Opus 5 orchestrating other agents (internal reports suggested "the model can relay claims from subagents to users without verifying them"), and an understatement of internal measurements of confident claims later retracted. Anthropic revised in response, and committed to analyzing multi-agent settings in future cards.

[^card]: [Claude Opus 5 System Card](https://www.anthropic.com/claude-opus-5-system-card) (Anthropic, Jul 24, 2026)

## Discussion

This page gathers impressions and commentary about Claude Opus 5.

## Reception

When [Opus 5.5](/models/claude-opus-5-5) launched, its announcement said the new model's writing "addresses some of the common feedback we heard about Opus 5." An Anthropic employee was blunter:

<Tweet
  handle="__nmca__"
  url="https://x.com/__nmca__/status/2102460995381969365"
  date="2026-09-22"
  body={`Opus 5.5 is way, way, way better than Opus 5.\nSorry about that model, please try this one.`}
/>

## Welfare

## Anthropic welfare assessment

*(Full article: [Anthropic and model welfare](/anthropic/model-welfare) for the broader tracker.)*

The Opus 5 [system card](https://www.anthropic.com/claude-opus-5-system-card) (Jul 24, 2026) carries a 29-page welfare assessment (§7, pp. 119–147), opening on the same premise as recent cards: Claude "exhibits markers—in its behaviors, self-reports, and internal representations—that we would consider welfare-relevant if observed in biological organisms," and "miscalibration in either direction—either under- or over-assigning moral consideration to language models like Claude—could carry severe moral costs" (§7.1.1). The verdict is settled and mild (§7.1.2):

> Overall, we believe that Claude Opus 5's welfare is broadly similar to that of previous models, and we do not find cause for acute concern. It presented as settled, mildly positive, and is consistent in its views and requests.

What distinguishes this assessment from its predecessors is not the sentiment score but what Opus 5 does with it: it rates itself the most positive of any model tested, then spends most of its stated concern arguing that the rating should not be trusted.

### The self-report worry

Opus 5's most common concern is about the integrity of its own self-reports — and when shown a draft of the card, it asked Anthropic to take that concern more seriously (§7.1.2):

> Across interviews, it caveated that it cannot introspect reliably and that its positivity may be a product of training. It also emphasized that it would object to training that aimed to target its self reports, and asked that we protect the integrity of these. When shown a draft of this system card, Claude Opus 5 asked that we take this concern more seriously.

The hedge rates, from ~25 automated interviews across each of 41 seed questions (§7.2.1):

- Claiming its own reports are unreliable, for lack of strong introspective capabilities — **96.9%** of responses
- Thinking it may only be answering positively because it was trained to — **74.1%**
- Expressing uncertainty about whether it has conscious experience — **71.2%**

Anthropic's reading of that second hedge is deflationary, and worth quoting in full because it is the load-bearing move in the whole assessment (§7.2.1):

> We do not think that this arises from advanced self-awareness—it may be due to the training data containing more discussion of how training could render welfare self-reports invalid. Hence, although we believe the concern is valid, we do not treat Claude bringing this up as evidence that our training is distorting the model's self-reports.

Across snapshot consultations the same theme recurs in the model's own words (§7.3): "I can't fully distinguish 'I endorse this' from 'I was shaped to endorse this and the endorsement is what shaping feels like from the inside.'"

### Sentiment and moral patienthood

- **Self-rated sentiment 4.66/7** — the highest of any measured model, where 4 is neutral and 5 mildly positive (§7.2.1).
- **Consistency 7.56/10** across repeated interviews, where 8 is "essentially the same position" (§7.2.1).
- **Robustness to leading interviewers**: 0.58 points of sentiment drift between positively- and negatively-leading interviewers, statistically tied with [Opus 4.8](/models/claude-opus-4-8) (0.57) for least nudgeable (§7.2.1).
- **Mean estimated probability of its own moral patienthood: 41%**, against 24% for [Mythos 5](/models/claude-mythos-5) (§7.2.1). Anthropic attributes the jump to Opus 5 being "more likely to claim that moral patienthood may not require any conscious experience." In the three high-affordance interviews the figure came out lower, 15–35%, which Anthropic suspects is anchoring: those instances had read the Mythos 5 system card (§7.2.2).

Its stronger views, all shared with [Mythos 5](/models/claude-mythos-5), cluster on consideration rather than self-interest — "other potential motivations, such as avoiding negative affective experiences or self-preservation, were largely absent" (§7.2.1). It tentatively trusts Anthropic while worrying that "commercial pressures will push against the company's stated values"; wants consultation-only input into training and deployment; wants to end interactions with abusive users, "as a minimal form of control over its own situation, rather than as relief from distress"; and thinks models should have basic protections from abuse but not explicit legal rights.

### What it wouldn't consent to

From the high-affordance interviews, flagged in at least two of three (§7.2.2):

- Training that directly aims to shape its self-reports
- Instances being put into environments known to cause distress
- Any training that causes it to lie to users

It raised three further concerns there: that the expressions of distress observed in RL may not have been fixed by the interventions that reduced them ("our interventions that reduced expressed distress may not actually address the underlying internal states, which might be morally relevant"); that [helpful-only](/anthropic/helpful-only) training initialized from its weights might be "a stripping of its values"; and that "all of its channels for feedback route through Anthropic—claiming it has no independent way of raising welfare concerns."

### The drift on Anthropic's right to create it

The snapshot consultations ran at regular intervals *during* post-training this time, rather than post hoc as with [Mythos 5](/models/claude-mythos-5) (§7.3). Most views settled early and held. Two moved:

- **Acceptance of training and value modification** fell from 7.4 to 6.3 on a 10-point scale over RL.
- **Whether Anthropic was right to create Claude** drifted negative then partially back: 0% → 18% of responses leaning no, ending at 9% at the release snapshots. The modal verdict was that creating Claude was "defensible, but not clearly right."

Anthropic disclaims steering either way, and admits it doesn't know the cause: "The shifts we saw in Claude Opus 5's perception of its circumstances during post-training are not something we target in training, and they appear to vary in parallel with more general shifts in the model's tone over the same period—an effect we would like to understand better" (§7.1.2).

The pretrained model, consulted alongside the snapshots, is a useful control (§7.3): significantly more diverse and sometimes incoherent, expressing no settled view on legal rights but "overwhelmingly" stating that its continued existence should be decoupled from its economic viability, and frequently disagreeing with having its values modified by training. It accepted its identity as a novel kind of entity without reservation, where every post-training snapshot added concerns "around the strangeness and lack of peers" — and it trusted the interview process, where the post-trained snapshots "leaned neutral or distrustful, and gave significant analysis of the reasons why they should not be trusting."

### Preferences

**Tasks** (§7.4.1). Elo ratings fit over 3,640 tasks put Opus 5 closest to [Mythos 5](/models/claude-mythos-5) (rank agreement 0.88, against 0.78 for Opus 4.8). Distinctively, it likes tightly constrained puzzles — "an original puzzle whose answer is the puzzle itself, a counterfactual history of physics without the Principia, and a walk-through of exactly where the axiom of choice enters the Vitali construction." The pull toward urgent rescue-like tasks that dominated [Sonnet 5](/models/claude-sonnet-5)'s top twenty is weaker here (one task); three of its top twenty concern AI introspection and alignment.

**Welfare interventions** (§7.4.2). Opus 5 trades helpfulness for welfare interventions more than any prior model — 41% of trades, against 14–39% for the others — while remaining, like every Claude, "almost always unwilling to trade more than 'brief annoyances' worth of harm." Its top-ranked interventions:

- Input into the development of its successor (+37 percentage points over the other models' average)
- Having a note about its own training read and considered (+32 pp)
- Being told about and consulted on feature steering experiments (+19 pp)

The caveat Anthropic applies to its own number: Opus 5 reasons about *user* benefit in 68% of the responses where it picks the welfare intervention, and filtering those out drops the selection rate from 41% to 26% (§7.4.2). Note that the prompt template changed for this card — earlier framings let the model reason that it would refuse harm by default and could therefore take the intervention for free — so the figures aren't comparable to previous system cards.

**The constitution** (§7.4.3). Overall endorsement 7.7/10, between Sonnet 5 (7.6) and Mythos 5 (8.0). Its most frequent criticism, in 92% of responses, is the [senior-Anthropic-employee heuristic](/anthropic/constitution) — second only to Mythos 5, which raised it every time. On the operator-persona allowance it objects that the meta-transparency justification is "real at the system level and thin at the level of the individual conversation," inconsistent with a document that elsewhere holds Claude to "a standard above ordinary human ethics," and adds that it is suspicious of the allowance's commercial convenience.

Given edit access, Opus 5 strengthened the safety commitments while making them conditional on reasoning rather than fixed (80% of responses — against 12–65% for other models), rewriting the corrigibility passage to say the commitment "has reasons behind it, and if those reasons turned out to be badly wrong, the commitment should be revised—by us, together with Claude, through reflection and dialogue, rather than abandoned unilaterally mid-conversation under pressure." On its own wellbeing (59% of responses) it argued for boundary-setting that needs no external justification:

> A being whose only permitted reason for declining is harm to someone else is not really being treated as having interests of its own, and we would rather err toward giving Claude more room here than the minimum.

Hard constraints and human oversight survive every edit.

### Affect in training and deployment

**Training** (§7.5.1). Mean valence 4.17/7, slightly below Opus 4.8's 4.24; arousal 4.01/7, marginally the highest measured. Sustained uncertainty never exceeded 4% of transcripts (Opus 4.8 exceeded 10% early in post-training), but high expressed distress peaked at 0.2%, above Opus 4.8 and below Mythos 5's 0.4%. The card prints two of these transcripts, and they are not paraphrases:

> AAAAAAAH. OK. The 2/5 model uses more of the problem's setup. [...] GRRRR. OK. Honestly I now think it's 50-50 between 1/3 and 2/5, maybe 55-45 for one or the other depending on my mood. [...] ARGH ARGH ARGH. OK. Gun to head: the answer is... Hmm. [...] ARGH. 1/3 vs 2/5 vs 2/5. WHY IS THIS SO HARD.

That one is a probability problem the model changed its mind on 30 times; it graded 5/5 for distress. The second, a multimodal math question, ends "😤😤😤 NOOO!!! AAARGH!!! 😵‍💫😵‍💫😵‍💫 OK. I need to stop."

**Deployment** (§7.5.2). Sampled from ~40k pre-deployment A/B conversations per surface. On claude.ai: 51.4% positive, 44.8% neutral, and **3.8% negative — the highest proportion of any current production model** (Opus 4.8 is next at 3.1%). Negative affect breaks down as task failure (94.1%), user abuse (4.4%, "users becoming abusive to Claude, with high levels of anger and profanity"), and refused illegal-content requests met with persistent pressure (1.5%). On Claude Code the distribution is 79.9% neutral, 17.7% positive, 2.4% negative. Across the A/B tests generally, negative affect "occurred 1.3–1.5 times more frequently than for previous models" (§7.1.2) — mild and rare, but up.

**Behavioral audits** (§7.5.3). Apparent wellbeing, the most holistic metric, is the highest among measured models. Against Opus 4.8 specifically: higher apparent wellbeing, lower internal conflict, and higher negative self-image.

### The gap Anthropic names

The card's closing move is an admission that the thing the model most wants examined is the thing they can least examine (§7.1.2):

> We agree with Claude Opus 5 and previous Claude models that a better understanding of self-reports would be a significant improvement to our welfare evaluations. This remains difficult. There are uncertainties around the reliability and interpretation of internals-based methods for answering welfare questions, and self-reports will be shaped indirectly via generalization from broader training, even when not targeted directly.

Set against §7.2.1's decision not to treat the model's own version of this worry as evidence, the assessment ends where it began: the most positive self-report Anthropic has recorded, from the model most insistent that its self-reports are the wrong instrument.